(214) He united her to Himself as His own body and brought it to perfection by the gift of the Holy Spirit for God's glory. 1828 ( 3061) . (20) Conc. For this reason, in reply to Modus 12 it is expressly said of the Twelve that the Lord set them up "as a college or stable group." (231) This is a precious gift of divine grace given by the Father to certain souls,(232) whereby they may devote themselves to God alone the more easily, due to an undivided heart. The Church thus portrays Christ in contemplation on the mountain, in His proclamation of the kingdom of God to the multitudes, in His healing of the sick and maimed, in His work of converting sinners to a better life, in His solicitude for youth and His goodness to all men, always obedient to the will of the Father who sent Him. in B. V. Nat. In the interim just as the Mother of Jesus, glorified in body and soul in heaven, is the image and beginning of the Church as it is to be perfected is the world to come, so too does she shine forth on earth, until the day of the Lord shall come,(304) as a sign of sure hope and solace to the people of God during its sojourn on earth. The laity are gathered together in the People of God and make up the Body of Christ under one head. (42*) And therefore his definitions, of themselves, and not from the consent of the Church, are justly styled irreformable, since they are pronounced with the assistance of the Holy Spirit, promised to him in blessed Peter, and therefore they need no approval of others, nor do they allow an appeal to any other judgment. Annus sacer, 8 dec. 1950, AAS 43 (1951) p. 27 s. Pius XII, Cons. Pius XII, Const. Encycl. By reason of the gift and role of divine maternity, by which she is united with her Son, the Redeemer, and with His singular graces and functions, the Blessed Virgin is also intimately united with the Church. 962-968 (1763-1778), et in specie l an. I De Ecclesia Christi, cap. In this manner, through the members of the Church, will Christ progressively illumine the whole of human society with His saving light. Encycl. (25) From this source the Church, equipped with the gifts of its Founder and faithfully guarding His precepts of charity, humility and self-sacrifice, receives the mission to proclaim and to spread among all peoples the Kingdom of Christ and of God and to be, on earth, the initial budding forth of that kingdom. The Sacred Scriptures of both the Old and the New Testament, as well as ancient Tradition show the role of the Mother of the Saviour in the economy of salvation in an ever clearer light and draw attention to it. 20-21. Likewise, the holiness of the Church is fostered in a special way by the observance of the counsels proposed in the Gospel by Our Lord to His disciples. In this temporal service, they will manifest to all men the love with which God loved the world. Nor is God far distant from those who in shadows and images seek the unknown God, for it is He who gives to all men life and breath and all things,(127) and as Saviour wills that all men be saved. Encycl. Second Sunday of the Year. The laity should, as all Christians, promptly accept in Christian obedience decisions of their spiritual shepherds, since they are representatives of Christ as well as teachers and rulers in the Church. In the midst of the flock they adore Him in spirit and in truth. The Lord Jesus, after praying to the Father, calling to Himself those whom He desired, appointed twelve to be with Him, and whom He would send to preach the Kingdom of God;(137) and these apostles(138) He formed after the manner of a college or a stable group, over which He placed Peter chosen from among them. 5, 2: ed. (172) Let him not refuse to listen to his subjects, whom he cherishes as his true sons and exhorts to cooperate readily with him. S. Iustinus, Dial. (37*) This variety of local churches with one common aspiration is splendid evidence of the catholicity of the undivided Church. Let each of the faithful called to the profession of the evangelical counsels, therefore, carefully see to it that he persevere and ever grow in that vocation God has given him. (7*) In like manner, these institutes may be left or committed to the charge of the proper patriarchical authority. Because this is so, this Sacred Synod gathered together in the Holy Spirit eagerly desires, by proclaiming the Gospel to every creature, (1) to bring the light of Christ to all men, a light brightly visible on the countenance of the Church. Miserentissimus Redemptor, 8 maii 1928: AAS 20 (1928) p. 171 s. Pius XII Alloc. (12) S. Ign. 10. The Mystery of the Church. And this also is important, that by governing well their own church as a portion of the universal Church, they themselves are effectively contributing to the welfare of the whole Mystical Body, which is also the body of the churches.(34*). Pius XII, Alloc. in Apoc. 2:7; Ps. She conceived, brought forth and nourished Christ. 186 ratings, 4.42 average rating, 23 reviews. Mystici Corporis: AAS 35 (1943) p. 245. The prelate pleads in particular for "space for reflection" and a "mindset" that would allow the conciliar text on episcopal collegiality to be re-written in terms more consistent with the Tradition of the Church. I Oec. Thus in their diversity all bear witness to the wonderful unity in the Body of Christ. SS. (8) Cfr. 21:14; Mt. (234) Because the disciples must always offer an imitation of and a testimony to the charity and humility of Christ, Mother Church rejoices at finding within her bosom men and women who very closely follow their Saviour who debased Himself to our comprehension. By Vivian Boland O.P. In this presentation I explain the concept of marriage as presented in the pastoral constitution Gaudium et Spes. Chrysostomus, De Virg. Provida Mater, 2 Febr. (194) And if by the will of Christ some are made teachers, pastors and dispensers of mysteries on behalf of others, yet all share a true equality with regard to the dignity and to the activity common to all the faithful for the building up of the Body of Christ. 67. (21*) Hence after the Synod of Ephesus the cult of the people of God toward Mary wonderfully increased in veneration and love, in invocation and imitation, according to her own prophetic words: "All generations shall call me blessed, because He that is mighty hath done great things to me". Vaticanum II Const. But each of them, as a member of the episcopal college and legitimate successor of the apostles, is obliged by Christ's institution and command to be solicitous for the whole Church,(33*) and this solicitude, though it is not exercised by an act of jurisdiction, contributes greatly to the advantage of the universal Church. His mind and will in the matter may be known either from the character of the documents, from his frequent repetition of the same doctrine, or from his manner of speaking. Cfr. Mystici Corporis, 1. c., pp 219-220; Denz. A Brief Look At "Lumen Gentium" In 1959, Pope John XXIII convened the Second Vatican Council. Some indeed He has strengthened to the extent of the shedding of their blood. It does all it can to relieve their need and in them it strives to serve Christ. Pius XII, Const. Can the inculpably ignorant be saved by Christ apart from the knowledge of Christ? 3: Denz. Moreover, by the sacraments, especially holy Eucharist, that charity toward God and man which is the soul of the apostolate is communicated and nourished. Hence, one is constituted a member of the Episcopal body in virtue of sacramental consecration and hierarchical communion with the head and members of the body. Understanding Lumen Gentium is essential to the interpretation of the Council's subsequent documents, especially Unitatis Redintegratio. By these gifts He makes them fit and ready to undertake the various tasks and offices which contribute toward the renewal and building up of the Church, according to the words of the Apostle: "The manifestation of the Spirit is given to everyone for profit". V: De dignigate Patriarcharum: ibid. With love and solicitude Mother Church already embraces them as her own. Incorporated in the Church through baptism, the faithful are destined by the baptismal character for the worship of the Christian religion; reborn as sons of God they must confess before men the faith which they have received from God through the Church (4*). Indeed, the very ancient practice whereby bishops duly established in all parts of the world were in communion with one another and with the Bishop of Rome in a bond of unity, charity and peace,(23*) and also the councils assembled together,(24*) in which more profound issues were settled in common, (25*) the opinion of the many having been prudently considered,(26*) both of these factors are already an indication of the collegiate character and aspect of the Episcopal order; and the ecumenical councils held in the course of centuries are also manifest proof of that same character. Conc. Encycl. 184, a. Taken up to heaven she did not lay aside this salvific duty, but by her constant intercession continued to bring us the gifts of eternal salvation. 20:4. It was passed by 2,151 votes to 5 of present bishops. II-II, q. This document is not meant for a public reader outside the church, but for the church itself. It is intended to be used alongside the original document to facilitate individual reflection and group discussion. Rom., Ad Cor. Encycl Orientalis Ecclesiae, 9 apr. Lumen Gentium, Vatican II's constitution on the Church, became famous (or rather, notorious) for its heretical teaching of collegiality. (The following is a summary of Lumen Gentium, the Second Vatican Council document. 69, 6: PL 3, 1142 B; Hartel 3 B, p. 754: inseparabile unitatis sacramentum .. (2) Cfr. S. Pius X, Exhort. (11) To men, dead in sin, the Father gives life through Him, until, in Christ, He brings to life their mortal bodies. 121-122: Tribuas eis, Domine, cathedram episcopalem ad regendam Ecclesiam tuam et plebem universam.. Cfr. It is up to the judgment of the Supreme Pontiff, to whose care Christ's whole flock has been entrusted, to determine, according to the needs of the Church as they change over the course of centuries, the way in which this care may best be exercisedwhether in a personal or a collegial way. | Can., c. 1327; c. 13S0 2. 302 (600-601) . 2, 3: ib., p. 242. (22) Conc. 109 r. Gerhohus Reich., De gloria ct honore Filii hominis, 10: PL 194, 1105AB. It has so often been said, wrote Fr. Since the Church is in Christ like a sacrament or as a sign and instrument both of a very closely knit union with God and of the unity of the whole human race, it desires now to unfold more fully to the faithful of the Church and to the whole world its own inner nature and universal mission. The faithful of Christ bind themselves to the three aforesaid counsels either by vows, or by other sacred bonds, which are like vows in their purpose. All men are called to be part of this catholic unity of the people of God which in promoting universal peace presages it. S. Ignatius M. Philad. Though they differ from one another in essence and not only in degree, the common priesthood of the faithful and the ministerial or hierarchical priesthood are nonetheless interrelated: each of them in its own special way is a participation in the one priesthood of Christ. Haer, 111 24, 1: PG 7, 966 B; Harvey 2, 13i, ed. Pius XII, Litt. 2:20. dogm. Pius XI, Litt. (68) Cfr. 268, 2: PL 38 232, ct alibi. Rosweydus, Viqae Patrum, Antwerpiae 1628. Indeed through Baptism a person dies to sin and is consecrated to God. Nic. In the human nature united to Himself the Son of God, by overcoming death through His own death and resurrection, redeemed man and re-molded him into a new creation. De Sacra Liturgia, cap. Encycl. 22, 21: PL 22, 408. Pius XI, Litt. Pastor aeternis: Denz. "(53*) In these communities, though frequently small and poor, or living in the Diaspora, Christ is present, and in virtue of His presence there is brought together one, holy, catholic and apostolic Church. I, Const. 184, a. Education, Spirituality, Vatican II. Gelasius I, Decretalis De libris recipiendis, 3: PL 59, 160, Denz. The Church, then, considers martyrdom as an exceptional gift and as the fullest proof of love. To these definitions the assent of the Church can never be wanting, on account of the activity of that same Holy Spirit, by which the whole flock of Christ is preserved and progresses in unity of faith. (301) This cult, as it always existed, although it is altogether singular, differs essentially from the cult of adoration which is offered to the Incarnate Word, as well to the Father and the Holy Spirit, and it is most favorable to it. 22: Denz. 3:21; 2 Tim. Funk, I, p. 154 s. (7) Cfr. This can be realized through prayer or active works of the apostolate. Since the kingdom of Christ is not of this world(120) the Church or people of God in establishing that kingdom takes nothing away from the temporal welfare of any people. Their praise lives on in the Church of God. Funk I, p. 32. Didache, 15, 1: ib., p. 32. (2) All the elect, before time began, the Father "foreknew and pre- destined to become conformed to the image of His Son, that he should be the firstborn among many brethren". (16) By the power of the Gospel He makes the Church keep the freshness of youth. In the first place amongst these there are the Muslims, who, professing to hold the faith of Abraham, along with us adore the one and merciful God, who on the last day will judge mankind. Funk, 1, p. 156. 16: PL 120, 561 C. Cfr. Finally, those who engage in laborand frequently it is of a heavy natureshould better themselves by their human labors. Conc. (7) Cfr. (1*) These religious families give their members the support of a more firm stability in their way of life and a proven doctrine of acquiring perfection. Cfr. 2, 3: cd. But the laity, by their very vocation, seek the kingdom of God by engaging in temporal affairs and by ordering them according to the plan of God. The full document is available on the internet. (12*) It is charity which guides us to our final end. (9) Cfr. 11:13; 1 Tim. 983 (1820); Sess. I, Const. This is beyond the measure of the commandments, but is done in order to become more fully like the obedient Christ. Encycl. Chapter I - The Mystery of the Church 1. S. Augwtinus, Serm. SS. Virg. He guides the Church in the way of all truth (cf. (96) So likewise the new Israel which while living in this present age goes in search of a future and abiding city (97) is called the Church of Christ. (5) Cfr. And he is always free to exercise this power. . (19) Cfr. (86) Christ instituted this new covenant, the new testament, that is to say, in His Blood,(87) calling together a people made up of Jew and gentile, making them one, not according to the flesh but in the Spirit. "(74*) For strengthened by sacramental grace, in communion with the bishop and his group of priests they serve in the diaconate of the liturgy, of the word, and of charity to the people of God. Specifically, we find in Lumen Gentium 25 the following: In matters of faith and morals, the bishops speak in the name of Christ and the faithful are to accept their teaching and adhere to it with a religious assent. They manifest this special property by means of the whole peoples' supernatural discernment in matters of faith when "from the Bishops down to the last of the lay faithful" (8*) they show universal agreement in matters of faith and morals. (3) He planned to assemble in the holy Church all those who would believe in Christ. Satis cognitum, 29 iun. 66, 8: Hartel 111, 2, p. 733: .. Episcopus in Ecclesia et Ecclesia in Episcopo .. (32) Cfr. The Son, therefore, came, sent by the Father. (3) Cfr. Whoever they are they are called upon, as living members, to expend all their energy for the growth of the Church and its continuous sanctification, since this very energy is a gift of the Creator and a blessing of the Redeemer. 1: col. 1068 C. - S. Sophronius, Or. The word "only" takes in all cases. The supreme and eternal Priest, Christ Jesus, since he wills to continue his witness and service also through the laity, vivifies them in this Spirit and increasingly urges them on to every good and perfect work. In explicit terms He Himself affirmed the necessity of faith and baptism(124) and thereby affirmed also the necessity of the Church, for through baptism as through a door men enter the Church. Expos. II, p. 69 Dionysius, apud Eusebium, ib. Tridentinum, Sess. Chapter two of the Dogmatic Constitution on the Church (Lumen Gentium) gives prominence to a scriptural and patristic image of the Church as the People of God. I, Const. 11. Rerum Orientalium, 8 sept. 1928: AAS 20 (1928) p. 287. S. Petrus Canisius, Catechismus Maior seu Summa Doctrinae christianae, cap. S. Thomas, Summa Theol. Oct 1958 John 23rd elected Pope Jan 1959 John 23 summoned council 1960 John 23rd 1961 died June 3rd 1963 Oct - Dec Opening of the Council Paul 6th became 1962 Pope June 23rd 1963 Oct - Dec Second session 1963 Oct - Dec Third session 1964 Oct - Dec Fourth session 1965 In order to reach this perfection the faithful should . At a lower level of the hierarchy are deacons, upon whom hands are imposed "not unto the priesthood, but unto a ministry of service. (2) Cfr. It is not only through the sacraments and the ministries of the Church that the Holy Spirit sanctifies and leads the people of God and enriches it with virtues, but, "allotting his gifts to everyone according as He wills,(114) He distributes special graces among the faithful of every rank. Tridentinum Sess. These actions consist in the use of the sacraments and in a special way the Eucharist, frequent participation in the sacred action of the Liturgy, application of oneself to prayer, self-abnegation, lively fraternal service and the constant exercise of all the virtues. LUMEN GENTIUM SOLEMNLY PROMULGATED BY HIS HOLINESS POPE PAUL VI ON NOVEMBER 21, 1964 ! (125) On account of their fathers this people remains most dear to God, for God does not repent of the gifts He makes nor of the calls He issues. But the faithful, in virtue of their royal priesthood, join in the offering of the Eucharist. Idem, Litt. Seeking after the glory of Christ, the Church becomes more like her exalted Type, and continually progresses in faith, hope and charity, seeking and doing the will of God in all things. 86, 4: PL 37, 1103. Pastor Aecrnus: Denz. When we look at the lives of those who have faithfully followed Christ, we are inspired with a new reason for seeking the City that is to come (274) and at the same time we are shown a most safe path by which among the vicissitudes of this world, in keeping with the state in life and condition proper to each of us, we will be able to arrive at perfect union with Christ, that is, perfect holiness. They bring forth from the treasury of Revelation new things and old,(164) making it bear fruit and vigilantly warding off any errors that threaten their flock. 1 n. 8. His plan was to raise men to a participation of the divine life. Vat. Conc. Vatican Council II. (66) Cfr. Leo XIII, Epist. I-II, q. 3 Denz. 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