The coasts of the northwestern highlandsand in particular the fjords of Norwayinvite maritime enterprise. World War I (1914-1918) left about 16 million people dead. If you have questions about licensing content on this page, please contact ngimagecollection@natgeo.com for more information and to obtain a license. In this case, the region of Western Europe includes the regions of northern Europe, southern Europe, Central Europe, and the British Isles. Aby witryna CORDIS dziaaa poprawnie, obsuga JavaScript musi by wczona. Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Austria, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Serbia, and North Macedonia constitute a contiguous landlocked agglomeration of eight countries in Central Europe and the Balkans, stretching from Geneva all the way to Skopje. France is known for being a world power and has been an economic and cultural center of Europe for hundreds of years. San Marino and Vatican City, two fully sovereign nations, are both completely surrounded by Italy. The financial crisis, along with concerns about immigrants connections to terrorism and religious extremism, has caused Europe to develop a more guarded approach to immigration. By the 7th and 8th centuries, Sweden was known for its trade but in the 9th century, the Vikings raided the region and much of Europe. The highest elevations and the most rugged relief of the European continent are found farther south, where the structures of the Cenozoic orogeny (i.e., from the past 66 million years) provide mountain scenery. Rocks of all geologic periods are exposed, and the operation of geologic forces during an immense succession of eras has contributed to the molding of the landscapes of mountain, plateau, and lowland and has bequeathed a variety of mineral reserves. It even includes roads! Indented by numerous bays, fjords, and seas, continental Europes highly irregular coastline is about 24,000 miles (38,000 km) long. These features typically include natural formations such as mountains, rivers, lakes, and valleys. For the political geography of Europe, see, Countries consisting solely of islands or parts of islands, Countries bordering or spanning another continent, Countries whose capital is not the most populous, List of countries by the number of other countries they border, Last edited on 19 February 2023, at 19:57, List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Europe, List of European tornadoes and tornado outbreaks, List of the highest European ultra-prominent peaks, Special member state territories and the European Union, Language facts European day of languages, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Europe&oldid=1140367331, Lower Danubian Plain, between Balkan Mountains and, This page was last edited on 19 February 2023, at 19:57. Please enable JavaScript. Veuillez activer JavaScript. It is bounded by the North Sea in the north and west. Estos incluyen el aumento del nivel del mar; la reduccin de los glaciares de montaa; aceleracin del derretimiento del hielo en Groenlandia, la Antrtida y el rtico; y cambios en los . Another important physical feature is the southeast-northwest zone of windblown loess deposits that have accumulated from eastern Britain to Ukraine. Read important geography facts about Ireland and information about Ireland's landscapes, topography, and coastline. Russia is Europe's largest country. Three smaller peninsulasIberia, Italy, and the Balkansemerge from the southern margin of the mainland. Literally, Europa is now thought to have meant Mainland, rather than the earlier interpretation, Sunset. It appears to have suggested itself to the Greeks, in their maritime world, as an appropriate designation for the extensive northerly lands that lay beyond, lands with characteristics vaguely known yet clearly different from those inherent in the concepts of Asia and Libyaboth of which, relatively prosperous and civilized, were associated closely with the culture of the Greeks and their predecessors. Population Density188 people per square kilometer, Highest ElevationMount Elbrus, Russia (5,642 meters/18,510 feet), Most Renewable Electricity ProducedIceland (99.9%; hydropower, geothermal), Largest Urban AreaMoscow, Russia (16.2 million people), Largest WatershedVolga River (1.38 million square km/532,821 square miles). Even though the country borders have been redrawn since the Soviet days, the continental borders never have. Bitte aktivieren Sie JavaScript. With its central European location but geographic remoteness, the Alps region developed into a unique crossroads for Europes dominant languages, and a refuge for its archaic languages. The Iron Curtain was an ideological boundary that divided Europe into two blocsWestern countries influenced by the United States, and Eastern countries influenced by the Soviet Union. All of the events must come together under a common theme or themes. Early Europeans, in fact, shaped global ideas of citizenship and government. The Volga River in Russia. Of the top 10 largest lakes in Europe, 6 are in Russia, although 1 partly sits in Estonia. Within the standard geographical boundaries, it is comprised of 737 million. Land relief in Europe shows great variation within relatively small areas. Economically, Russia and former Soviet states are not part of what we think of as Europe these days, because they are not part of the European Union. By the end of the war, the Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman empires collapsed and broke into a dozen separate nations. [3] [4] It is bordered to the north and northeast by Russia, to the . The Kimmel Falls are in Hohe Tauen National Park and are one of Austrias most visited tourist attractions. Le site web de CORDIS ncessite lactivation de JavaScript pour fonctionner correctement. By size, Germany is the seventh-largest European country. The EU works to create a unified structure for social, environmental, military, and economic policies of its member states.Today, the European Union is composed of 27 member states, with new members mainly coming from central and eastern Europe. Spain is a country located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula to the south of France and Andorra and to the east of Portugal. The biggest part of the United Kingdom (also called the U.K.) is the island of Great Britain, which is made up of England, Wales, and Scotland. Join this channel to get access to perks:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC43qCBEfmy-wouPmYlLSpIg/join#europe #India #gypsiesContact Us- info@themysticaland.. Routes detour around, or seek gaps through, those uplandswhose German appellation, Horst (thicket), recalls their still wooded character, while their coal basins give them great economic importance. The low starting elevation makes the Volga a slow flowing river. It is home to many navigable rivers, including the Rhine, Weser, Elbe, Oder, and Vistula. Europe has a long history of human development and is considered the birthplace of Western Civilization. Some geographical texts refer to a Eurasian continent given that Europe is not surrounded by sea and its southeastern border has always been variously defined for centuries. Looking for interesting facts about Austria? The overall population of Europe is set to drop from roughly 590 million to 542 million by 2050. Xenophobia is an intense dislike or fear of people from other places or cultures.Two events demonstrate this debate. The northern plain contains the old geological continent of Baltica, and so may be regarded as the "main continent", while peripheral highlands and mountainous regions in south and west constitute fragments from various other geological continents. It was a barbarian worldthat is, a non-Greek one, with its inhabitants making bar-bar noises in unintelligible tongues. This map shows the physical features of Europe, surrounding lands, and offshore areas. Topographic maps show a wide range of human and physical features of the Earth. Only North Korea has such high literacy rates as Ukraine. Germany's largest wooded area,. Switzerland's administrative capital is Bern, while Lausanne serves as its judicial centre. This rescue package has caused tensions to rise between economically competitive countries and the indebted countries that they are helping to rescue. Nations that use the euro as a unit of currency are called the eurozone.Leadership of the EU, split among different branches and institutions, is a working model of international cooperation. To contact our editors please use our contact form. Topography and bathymetry are shown in a combination of color with shaded relief. But, I agree - the lines are very blurred. The population of the City of Brussels is ~175,000. 1996 - 2023 National Geographic Society. It was clear as well that a succession of climates, markedly different from those of the Mediterranean borderlands, were to be experienced as Europe was penetrated from the south. 84% of people in the Netherlands own at least one bicycle. Europe's shape is in a constant change: The Mediterranean basin is shrinking, the Alps are rising and pushing North, and Scandinavia is still rebounding after having been crushed by the weight of a thick and huge ice sheet in the ice ages. The landlocked countries in Europe are: Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Belarus, Czech Republic, Hungary, Kosovo, Liechtenstein (which is doubly landlocked), Luxembourg, North Macedonia, Moldova, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Switzerland, Vatican City. The southeast boundary with Asia is not universally defined, but the modern definition is generally the Ural River or, less commonly, the Emba River. Mountain ranges, such as the Alps and the Carpathian mountains, have a highland climate with large variations according to altitude and latitude. The tundra, found in Iceland and the northern reaches of Scandinavia and Russia, is a treeless region where small mosses, lichens, and ferns grow. Fortuitously, Europe has no continuous mountain obstacle aligned north-south, corresponding, for example, to the Western Cordillera of North America and the Andes Mountains of South America, that would limit access into western Europe from the ocean. Europe has a diversity of terrains, physical features, and climates. For discussion of individual countries of the continent, see specific articles by namee.g., Italy, Poland, and United Kingdom. East of the Vistula River, Europes expansive lowlands have something of the scale and character of those of northern Asia. Kazakhstan. Understanding Europe's Topography. This is a main theme of The Odyssey, an epic poem written by Homer, in which these key elements of the sea both help and hurt the hero.Other cultures developed around the unique resources at their disposal. Updates? Historically, Europe has been a center of immigration. With such a large number of nationalities compacted into such a small area, Europe strongly supports individual cultural identities and products.The European Capitals of Culture program, started in 1985, has become one of Europes most important and high-profile cultural events. The financial and diplomatic success of the EU has led to its rapid growth across the continent.The euro is one of the strongest currencies in the world. The other landlocked countries are "standalone" landlocked, not bordering any other such European one (the emphasis is necessary, since Kazakhstan borders Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Kyrgyzstan, thus forming a vast landlocked expanse in Central Asia). Si prega di abilitare JavaScript. Europes continuing economic achievements are evidenced by its high standard of living and its successes in science, technology, and the arts. Associated vegetation and soil forms also show continual variety, but only portions of the dominant woodland that clothed most of the continent when humans first appeared now remain. The Mediterranean Sea to the south separates Europe from Africa. The five most spoken native languages in Europe are Russian, German, French English, Turkish and Italian. Sometimes considered a transcontinental country, it is located at the intersection of Eastern Europe and Western Asia, [2] and is today generally regarded as part of Europe. From the smallest town in the world to the biggest church on earth, and from a knighted penguin to a country free of mosquitoes, there are hundreds of random and fun facts about Europe. A peninsula is a piece of land surrounded by water on three sides. In the face of an economic crisis, EU citizens of poorer member countries, such as the Roma of Bulgaria and Romania, often migrate to more developed EU countries in search of work. ft. home is a 4 bed, 4.0 bath property. Climatically, Europe benefits by having only a small proportion of its surface either too cold or too hot and dry for effective settlement and use. Those are coastal and interior lowlands, central uplands and plateaus, the northwestern highlands, and southern Europe. The ancient, often mineral-laden rocks of the northwestern highlands, their contours softened by prolonged erosion and glaciation, are found throughout much of Iceland, in Ireland, and in northern and western Britain and Scandinavia. On February 17, 2008, the province of Kosovo declared independence from Serbia and became Europe's youngest country. In 1397, Denmark's Queen Margaret created the Kalmar Union, which included Sweden, Finland, Norway . 3. The highest peaks in those ranges are Mount Corno (9,554 feet [2,912 metres]) in the Abruzzi Apennines, Bobotov Kuk (8,274 feet [2,522 metres]) in the Dinaric Alps, Mount Botev (7,795 feet [2,376 metres]) in the Balkan Mountains, Gerlachovsk Peak (Gerlach; 8,711 feet [2,655 metres]) in the Western Carpathians, and Mount Moldoveanu (8,346 feet [2,544 metres]) in the Transylvanian Alps. The Apennines, Dinaric Alps, and Balkan Mountains, as well as the arc-shaped Carpathian Mountains and their southern portion, the Transylvanian Alps, also exhibit high elevations. A contrast exists between the configuration of peninsular, or western, Europe and that of eastern Europe, which is a much larger and more continental area. The highest points reached in Norway and Sweden are, respectively, Galdh Peak (8,100 feet [2,469 metres]) and Mount Kebne (6,926 feet [2,111 metres]). The North European Plain remains the most densely populated region of Europe.Central UplandsThe Central Uplands extend east-west across Central Europe and include western France and Belgium, southern Germany, the Czech Republic, and parts of northern Switzerland and Austria.The Central Uplands are lower in altitude and less rugged than the Alpine region and are heavily wooded. Continental shelvesformer land surfaces that have been covered by shallow seasare a feature of peninsular Europe, while the coasts themselves are both submerged or drowned, as in southwestern Ireland and northwestern Spain, and emergent, as in western Scotland and southern Wales, where raised former beaches are in evidence. Grades 6 - 12+ Subjects Arts and Music, Economics, Geography, Human Geography, Social Studies, World History Photograph Europe Europe is the western peninsula of the giant "supercontinent" of Eurasia. The EU accepts few candidates: member states must maintain a stable, democratic form of government, a free-market economy, and commitment to the rule of law.The rapid growth of the European Union, however, has caused a number of administrative and political tensions. Europe is home to two countries that are completely landlocked by Italy. A convenient division is made by a line linking the base of the peninsula of Jutland with the head of the Adriatic Sea. If you have questions about how to cite anything on our website in your project or classroom presentation, please contact your teacher. When it comes to geographical facts about Europe, and in particular the mountains, most people will assume that the names at the top of the list will be the famous Mont Blanc or the Matterhorn. Geographically, Turkey forms a natural land bridge between the old world continents of Asia, Africa and Europe. 5. Glaciation is the process of land being transformed by glaciers or ice sheets. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. The Sami culture of Scandinavia, for example, was deeply connected to the indigenous reindeer herds of the Arctic. In fact, the tallest mountain in Europe is in Kazakhstan and is called Khan Tengri, standing 22,999 feet high, some 4,500 feet higher than the next tallest, Mount Elbrus in Russia. Whats the Difference Between Great Britain and the United Kingdom. Updated: 07/28/2022 Table of Contents Arts and Music, Geography, Human Geography, Social Studies, Economics, World History. The link between these peninsulas has made Europe a dominant economic, social, and cultural force throughout recorded history.Europe's physical geography, environment and resources, and human geography can be considered separately.Europe can be divided into four major physical regions, running from north to south: Western Uplands, North European Plain, Central Uplands, and Alpine Mountains.Western UplandsThe Western Uplands, also known as the Northern Highlands, curve up the western edge of Europe and define the physical landscape of Scandinavia (Norway, Sweden, and Denmark), Finland, Iceland, Scotland, Ireland, the Brittany region of France, Spain, and Portugal.The Western Uplands is defined by hard, ancient rock that was shaped by glaciation. 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